Recycling spent lead acid batteries into aqueous zinc-ion battery material with ultra-flat voltage platforms

The harmless disposal of lead paste in the spent lead-acid batteries (LABs) remains an enormous challenge in traditional pyrometallurgical recycling. Here, we introduced a hydrometallurgical method for the recycling of the spent LABs’ waste to obtain the β-PbO as a novel zinc ion batteries (ZIBs) active material. The obtained β-PbO exhibits ultra-flat charge/discharge voltage platforms (0.21 mV/(mAh g^?1)) and stable specific capacity. During the charge/discharge, the β-PbO spontaneously triggers the formation of (ZnSO₄)[Zn(OH)₂]₃·5H₂O (ZHS) micro-sheets as a surface passivation layer. Moreover, the ex-situ X-ray spectra reveal that the reversible phase transformation occurs between PbSO₄ and Pb with the assistance of ZHS by adjusting the PH value on the electrode-electrolyte interface. The synergistic two-phase-reaction mechanism generates ultra-flat voltage platforms upon the charge/discharge. This “energy-saving and environment-friendly” recycling route eliminates the major source of emission of pollution particulates/gases compared to the traditional pyrometallurgical recycling, while at the same time replacing energy-consuming and environmentally detrimental processes of synthesis of current ZIBs cathodes.     

导电剂对柔性锌锰电池放电性能的研究

研究了掺杂多壁碳纳米管、石墨及乙炔炭黑对柔性锌锰电池电化学性能的影响。分别在不同的放电电流的条件下,测试电池的放电性能。研究结果显示,掺杂导电剂后锌锰电池的性能均得到显著提高。其中碳纳米管掺杂锌锰电池表现性能最佳,其次是乙炔炭黑和石墨。其中掺杂碳纳米管电池0.2 mA放电时间高达252 h,容量为50.4 mA·h,且在0.8 mA和1 mA较大电流放电时,容量损失率最低,其掺杂效应远高于其他导电添加剂。     

Synthesis,structural and morphological characteristics,magnetic and optical properties of Co doped ZnO nanoparticles

Zn_1−xCo_xO (x==0.05, 0.10, 0.15) nanoparticles have been synthesized by an alternative wet-chemical synthesis route using the SimAdd technique. The as-obtained powders were investigated by FT-IR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and thermal analysis correlated with evolved gas analysis (TG–DTA–FT-IR) in order to determine their chemical nature, crystalline structure and to establish the decomposition sequences. The precipitates are generally amorphous, but low-intensity reflection peaks assigned both to the zinc oxalate dihydrate, and zinc hydroxide can be observed in the recorded patterns, indicating that hydroxy-oxalate precipitates were obtained. The structure, morphology and magnetic properties of the thermally treated samples have been investigated by X-ray diffraction, FT-IR, HRTEM, SAED, UV–vis and EPR. XRD studies reveal a hexagonal wurtzite-type structure for all Zn_1−xCo_xO samples. TEM investigations show particle size between 28 and 37 nm, with spherical and polyhedral shapes and with tendency to form aggregates. The presence of a Co₃O₄ secondary phase was evidenced by XRD, UV–vis and EPR for the Zn_0.85Co_0.15O sample. The ferromagnetic behavior of the samples was revealed. The paper highlights that by varying the cobalt concentration it is possible to modulate the structural, morphological, optical and magnetic properties.     

Self-organized pattern formation on silicon,stainless steel and zinc coated steel substrates

In this research, a self-organized pattern formation employing polystyrene/aluminum bilayer coatings on three different substrates was studied. Two new substrate materials, stainless steel and zinc coated steel for self-organization application were introduced. Influence of polystyrene molar mass on pattern formation was studied with five different polystyrene samples having molar masses between 27 and 247 × 10³ g/mol. Polystyrene/toluene solutions were applied onto the substrates using the spin coating technique and aluminum layer was created by chemical vapor deposition (CVD). Self-organized pattern formation was induced thermally, by heating the layered substrate/polystyrene/aluminum structures above the glass transition temperature of polystyrene. Sub-micron–micron sized wrinkles or island-like surface patterns were achieved on all substrates. The molar mass of polystyrene was found to have effect on the dimensions of the formed structures. It was also observed that the characteristic surface structure of substrates influences self-organization and thereby directs the structure formation.     

电镀污泥中铜镍锌元素的检测

对电镀污泥的样品采集、样品制备以及电镀污泥中铜、镍、锌元素的检测方法进行了研究和优化改进。对铜、镍和锌的分析方法的精密度进行了加标回收实验,加标回收率为97%~105%。对方法的准确度与先进的电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法检测结果进行对比,结果显示,该方法操作较为简单,检测成本较低,可准确判断电镀污泥中铜、镍和锌含量。     

一种钼酸盐钝化液配制与其对镀锌钢材钝化效果的初步探索

通过对钼酸盐钝化实验的研究,了解了钼酸盐对镀锌层进行钝化的工艺,探讨了钝化液组成及工艺条件对钝化成膜及膜层耐蚀性的影响。用醋酸铅溶液对钝化膜进行点滴试验,并对其结果进行了分析,得出了一些有参考价值的结论。     

新一代水性无机富锌底漆的生产与施工应用

通过对高模数无机硅酸盐进行改性,使无机富锌底漆的质量与施工使用得到改善与提高,实现了水性富锌底漆与溶剂型富锌环氧底漆施工使用同样方便,性能更好,尤其是产品的环保性能和良好的防腐性能。     

聚丙烯酰胺-聚硅酸锌复合絮凝剂的制备和絮凝性能

利用物理复合的方法制备聚丙烯酰胺（PAM）-聚硅酸锌（PSZ）复合絮凝剂。结果表明,聚丙烯酰胺-聚硅酸锌絮凝剂在复配比例为V （PAM）： V （PSZ）=1.0、投加量为0.10 mL、模拟水样pH为8左右时,对高岭土模拟废水絮凝效果最好,脱色率达91.2%,均高于聚丙烯酰胺和聚硅酸锌单独使用的效果（最高脱色率分别达87.66%和89.78%）;而且,在中性和碱性范围内,这种复合絮凝剂受pH影响较小。三种絮凝剂应用于四种工业废水的脱色处理结果表明,聚丙烯酰胺-聚硅酸锌复合絮凝剂的脱色率也均比单一絮凝剂要高。     

微波条件下氯化锌对乙醇抽提神府煤的影响

微波条件下,研究了在乙醇抽提神府煤中加入氯化锌对其结果的影响。采用气相色谱/质谱联用的方法分析了乙醇和乙醇-氯化锌抽提物的组成;利用傅里叶红外光谱技术分析了神府脱矿物质煤、乙醇抽余煤和乙醇-氯化锌抽余煤的结构。分析结果显示:在乙醇溶剂中添加少量的氯化锌,其抽提物的组成发生了改变;乙醇-氯化锌抽余煤与原脱矿物质煤和乙醇抽余煤相比,芳环吸收强度降低,表明在抽提过程中可能伴随着烷基化反应的发生。     

醋氨己酸锌生产工艺研究

以己内酰胺为起始原料,经氢氧化钠水溶液加热水解、浓盐酸酸化、醋酐乙酰化得6-乙酰胺基己酸粗品,水精制后与分析纯氧化锌在水中成盐得到产物,总收率约47.2%。通过对水解、酰化和成盐条件的考察,使工艺更适合工业化生产,具有操作简便、收率较高、污染小的特点,产物化学结构经元素分析、IR、FAB-MS、1HNMR、13CNMR确证。